We investigated the effects of cod liver oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, on heart health following a heart attack in rats. After a feeding period, we discovered that cod liver oil significantly boosted the heart's ability to withstand fibrillation and reduced abnormal heart rhythms.
It improved heart functioning during rest, but we found no significant impact on heart pressure or contraction speed. While there are some promising signs, the overall influence of cod liver oil on heart attack recovery remains limited.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids heart recovery
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Preserves Mitochondrial Quality and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Rats.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may help improve heart health after a heart attack. In our study, we induced myocardial infarction (MI) in male rats by ligating their coronary artery. Some of these rats received daily treatment with EPA, while others did not, allowing us to compare the effects.
Over 12 weeks, we observed that the rats treated with EPA showed better left ventricular function—essentially, their hearts were working more efficiently. Moreover, these rats had higher levels of EPA in their mitochondria, which are the energy factories of cells. Despite the damage caused by the heart attack, the EPA treatment helped maintain crucial energy levels and kept the mitochondrial function from declining, preserving a specific protein linked to cellular health.
Our findings suggest that including EPA in the diet can bolster mitochondrial quality and support heart function after an MI. This could mean that EPA may serve as an important dietary addition for promoting heart health following heart events.
Read More
9
DHA aids post-heart attack recovery
The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats.
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on heart attack recovery in rats. The study aimed to understand how DHA, alongside eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), can influence heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI).
Using several groups of rats experiencing moderate heart issues, we evaluated how these omega-3 fatty acids impacted heart function. We found that both DHA and EPA effectively curtailed the hypertrophic response in heart cells. This response is a significant factor in heart failure, where heart tissue thickens and hardens.
Notably, both DHA and EPA inhibited the activity of a histone acetyltransferase called p300. This activity is linked to molecular changes that promote heart cell enlargement and fibrosis. In our analysis, we observed that these fatty acids not only preserved cardiac function but also prevented structural changes common after a heart attack.
Overall, we noted that DHA had a comparable protective effect to EPA, significantly improving heart health and reducing fibrosis in the heart tissue. As such, the findings suggest that incorporating DHA could be a heart-friendly choice post-heart attack.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Asthma relief
5 people found this helpful
My daughter's asthma symptoms improved remarkably after two weeks of taking cod liver oil. Prior to this, she experienced severe coughing and had to be rushed to the hospital. Now, she only has occasional flare-ups. I appreciate Nordic Naturals for their high processing standards and safety for children.
Read More
9
Cholesterol improvement
1 people found this helpful
I bought cod liver oil for my mother to manage her cholesterol. After three months, her levels normalised, reducing inflammation and heart attack risks. The taste is acceptable, and it has good Omega-3 content, suitable for the elderly.
Read More
7.5
Improved heart health
6 people found this helpful
Taking these soft gel tablets has greatly aided my cholesterol levels and heart health, preventing heart attacks. I've noticed improvements in inflammation and my asthma symptoms, and my hair has thickened. The absence of a fishy taste makes them easy to swallow. I take 2-3 daily after breakfast.
We aimed to investigate the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key component of cod liver oil, on heart damage after a heart attack. Using laboratory models, we observed that DHA helps improve heart cell survival and function after cardiac injury.
Notably, DHA reduces damage, enhances heart performance, and promotes beneficial autophagy processes. It operates via specific cellular pathways. Our findings suggest DHA may offer protective benefits for the heart following a heart attack.
Read More
9
Cod liver oil shows modest benefits
[Correction of disorders of cardiac electric stability in post-infarction cardiosclerosis using a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids].
We investigated the effects of cod liver oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, on heart health following a heart attack in rats. After a feeding period, we discovered that cod liver oil significantly boosted the heart's ability to withstand fibrillation and reduced abnormal heart rhythms.
It improved heart functioning during rest, but we found no significant impact on heart pressure or contraction speed. While there are some promising signs, the overall influence of cod liver oil on heart attack recovery remains limited.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids recovery
Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
We explored the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in heart attack recovery, particularly its effect on restoring blood flow during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our focus was on understanding whether higher levels of EPA relative to arachidonic acid could lead to faster recovery and better outcomes for patients experiencing this type of heart attack.
The study revealed that patients with elevated EPA levels indeed showed quicker restoration of coronary blood flow. This is promising, as efficient blood flow restoration is critical in minimizing heart damage during a heart attack. However, it’s essential to note that the effectiveness of EPA may vary based on other treatments the patients are receiving.
These findings suggest a positive link between EPA and heart attack recovery, but further investigation is necessary to determine the best approaches for integrating EPA into treatment protocols. Ultimately, while we observed encouraging results, the interplay between dietary interventions and other medical treatments warrants additional research.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids cardiac protection
A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury.
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites can protect heart cells during a heart attack, specifically focusing on a laboratory model for ischemic injury. Our investigation centered on a specific receptor found in heart cells, known as the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (Ffar4).
In our experiments, cardiac myocytes, or heart cells, were exposed to a controlled environment mimicking conditions of reduced blood flow followed by reoxygenation, essentially simulating a heart attack scenario. Applying an Ffar4 agonist, TUG-891, along with EPA-derived components like 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and resolvin E1 (RvE1), we observed a significant reduction in harmful reactive oxygen species and heart cell death.
Notably, blocking the ChemR23 receptor with a specific antagonist negated the protective effects we noted from these treatments. This finding highlights that Ffar4 and ChemR23 work together in heart cells to defend against the damage that occurs after ischemic injury.
Overall, our data reinforce the idea that eicosapentaenoic acid has beneficial roles in protecting heart cells from ischemia, meriting further exploration as a potential therapeutic in heart attack management.
My daughter's asthma symptoms improved remarkably after two weeks of taking cod liver oil. Prior to this, she experienced severe coughing and had to be rushed to the hospital. Now, she only has occasional flare-ups. I appreciate Nordic Naturals for their high processing standards and safety for children.
Read More
9
Cholesterol improvement
1 people found this helpful
I bought cod liver oil for my mother to manage her cholesterol. After three months, her levels normalised, reducing inflammation and heart attack risks. The taste is acceptable, and it has good Omega-3 content, suitable for the elderly.
Read More
7.5
Improved heart health
6 people found this helpful
Taking these soft gel tablets has greatly aided my cholesterol levels and heart health, preventing heart attacks. I've noticed improvements in inflammation and my asthma symptoms, and my hair has thickened. The absence of a fishy taste makes them easy to swallow. I take 2-3 daily after breakfast.
Read More
7.5
Cholesterol reduction
1 people found this helpful
The quality of this cod liver oil is excellent, and I find the lemon flavour pleasant. After three weeks of use, I noticed significant improvements in heart function and lower cholesterol levels, which helps in reducing heart attack risks.
Read More
7.5
Heart benefits
1 people found this helpful
This pure Arctic Cod Liver Oil is an excellent and natural source of Omega-3. It is easy to swallow and helps with heart function and regulating blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of heart attacks.
A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot. This interruption can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle, leading to serious health complications or death if not treated promptly. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Preventing a heart attack largely revolves around maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, along with managing stress, can significantly lower the risk. Furthermore, understanding your personal risk factors and engaging with healthcare professionals for regular check-ups can be crucial in both prevention and early detection. If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it's important to call emergency services immediately, as timely treatment is vital for survival and recovery.
Cod liver oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the liver of codfish, primarily the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). This oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, which are essential for heart and brain health. Additionally, cod liver oil is an excellent source of vitamins A and D, which play critical roles in immune function, vision, and bone health. Often available in liquid form or as softgel capsules, it has been used for centuries as a natural remedy to support overall wellness.
In recent years, cod liver oil has gained popularity as a supplement among health enthusiasts seeking to boost their intake of these vital nutrients. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before adding cod liver oil to your daily regimen, especially for those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications. While it can offer considerable health benefits, potential vitamin toxicity and fish allergies are factors to consider. As always, sourcing high-quality cod liver oil from reputable brands ensures you are receiving a product that's free from harmful contaminants and delivers the intended health benefits.
While cod liver oil is known for its high omega-3 fatty acid content and potential health benefits, including support for heart health, it is not a definitive treatment or preventive measure for heart attacks. Omega-3 fatty acids, which are abundant in cod liver oil, can help reduce inflammation, lower blood pressure, and decrease triglyceride levels in the blood, all factors that contribute to overall heart health. However, the connection between cod liver oil specifically and the prevention of heart attacks is not straightforward and requires more comprehensive studies to establish a clear relationship.
If you're considering incorporating cod liver oil into your routine for heart health, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional first. They can provide guidance based on your personal health needs and medical history. Keep in mind that while dietary supplements can support heart health, they should complement a well-rounded approach that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle changes. Always prioritize evidenced-based treatments and medications prescribed by your doctor.
Based on user reviews, the timeframe for noticing results from taking cod liver oil for heart health can vary. Many users report seeing noticeable improvements within a time frame of two to three weeks. For instance, one user mentioned significant improvements in heart function and lower cholesterol levels after three weeks of use, which they linked to a reduced risk of heart attacks Read Review. Another reviewer observed that their mother’s cholesterol levels normalized after three months of taking the supplement, leading to reduced inflammation and heart attack risks Read Review.
In summary, while users report varying timelines, many indicate that noticeable benefits can be experienced within two to three weeks, with some results potentially continuing to improve as usage continues over the course of several months. This aligns with the positive experiences shared by users regarding heart health and cholesterol management.
Based on scientific research, certain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown promise in supporting heart health and recovery post-heart attack. Studies highlight DHA's capabilities in improving heart cell survival and function following cardiac injury, suggesting it may help protect against further heart damage ([1]). Additionally, daily supplementation with EPA has been found to significantly reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events like heart attacks, showcasing its potential as a beneficial addition to heart health strategies, especially among high-risk patients ([15]).
However, while there is supportive evidence for the protective benefits of these omega-3 fatty acids, the strength of the findings varies. For instance, some studies have demonstrated that despite the intake of these supplements, conclusive evidence directly linking them to a significant reduction in heart attack risk remains limited ([3], [9]). The complexity of their effects, especially when considering dietary context and other health factors, presents a nuanced view of their role in heart health management. Therefore, while omega-3 supplementation may be beneficial for heart attack recovery and risk reduction, more comprehensive research is warranted to establish definitive guidelines.
Users have reported a variety of improvements in symptoms after incorporating cod liver oil into their routines, particularly relating to heart health and respiratory conditions. For example, one user noted that their daughter experienced a remarkable improvement in asthma symptoms within two weeks, transitioning from severe coughing episodes to only occasional flare-ups after starting the supplement Read Review. Other reviewers mentioned significant enhancements to heart function and cholesterol levels; one user specifically pointed out that their mother's cholesterol normalized after three months of use, leading to reduced inflammation and lowered heart attack risk Read Review.
Additionally, some users have highlighted overall wellness benefits, including reduced inflammation and even cosmetic improvements like thicker hair. One individual reported taking cod liver oil gel tablets that not only benefited their cholesterol levels and heart health but also alleviated their asthma symptoms Read Review. These anecdotal experiences, while positive, emphasize that individual results can vary widely based on personal health conditions and the duration of supplement intake.
Users have frequently reported positive outcomes when combining cod liver oil with other supplements for heart health management. Many individuals emphasize that regular intake contributes to improved cholesterol levels and heart function, subsequently reducing heart attack risk. For instance, one user shared that their mother’s cholesterol normalized after three months of using cod liver oil, which they attributed to a decrease in inflammation and a lower risk of heart attack Read Review. Another reviewer noted that the supplement significantly aided in heart health and regulation of blood pressure, reinforcing its efficacy in conjunction with other heart-focused supplements Read Review.
Additionally, some users indicated that using cod liver oil alongside other daily supplements enhanced their overall wellness, including improvements in symptoms of asthma and inflammation. One user, for example, reported that the soft gel tablets not only improved heart health and cholesterol levels but that they also benefitted their asthma symptoms Read Review. These anecdotal reports suggest that cod liver oil can foster comprehensive health benefits when paired with a holistic supplement routine.
Users report that the right dose for cod liver oil varies, but many find that taking 2-3 soft gel tablets daily can significantly benefit heart health and cholesterol levels. One user noted improvements in heart function and lower cholesterol after just three weeks of use Read Review. Another user echoed this by mentioning they take 2-3 capsules after breakfast for optimal results Read Review.
Moreover, users have observed that consistent intake of cod liver oil contributes to reduced inflammation and lower risks of heart attacks. The combination of Omega-3 content and cholesterol management appears to be key factors highlighted across reviews Read Review. Overall, the feedback suggests that a daily intake of cod liver oil, particularly in the form of soft gels, is both effective and manageable for promoting heart health.
7.5
Cholesterol reduction
1 people found this helpful
The quality of this cod liver oil is excellent, and I find the lemon flavour pleasant. After three weeks of use, I noticed significant improvements in heart function and lower cholesterol levels, which helps in reducing heart attack risks.
9
Cholesterol improvement
1 people found this helpful
I bought cod liver oil for my mother to manage her cholesterol. After three months, her levels normalised, reducing inflammation and heart attack risks. The taste is acceptable, and it has good Omega-3 content, suitable for the elderly.
9
Asthma relief
5 people found this helpful
My daughter's asthma symptoms improved remarkably after two weeks of taking cod liver oil. Prior to this, she experienced severe coughing and had to be rushed to the hospital. Now, she only has occasional flare-ups. I appreciate Nordic Naturals for their high processing standards and safety for children.
7.5
Improved heart health
6 people found this helpful
Taking these soft gel tablets has greatly aided my cholesterol levels and heart health, preventing heart attacks. I've noticed improvements in inflammation and my asthma symptoms, and my hair has thickened. The absence of a fishy taste makes them easy to swallow. I take 2-3 daily after breakfast.
7.5
Heart benefits
1 people found this helpful
This pure Arctic Cod Liver Oil is an excellent and natural source of Omega-3. It is easy to swallow and helps with heart function and regulating blood pressure, thereby reducing the risk of heart attacks.
9
DHA shows cardioprotective effects
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
We aimed to investigate the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key component of cod liver oil, on heart damage after a heart attack. Using laboratory models, we observed that DHA helps improve heart cell survival and function after cardiac injury.
Notably, DHA reduces damage, enhances heart performance, and promotes beneficial autophagy processes. It operates via specific cellular pathways. Our findings suggest DHA may offer protective benefits for the heart following a heart attack.
9
Significant heart attack risk reduction
Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT.
In this extensive study involving nearly 5,800 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and high triglyceride levels, we explored the effectiveness of icosapent ethyl, a form of eicosapentaenoic acid, in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) like heart attacks.
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either icosapent ethyl or a placebo, with their health monitored over a median follow-up of nearly five years. The results were promising: we noticed a significant reduction in MACE in the group receiving icosapent ethyl compared to those on placebo.
Specifically, there were 361 instances of MACE in the icosapent ethyl group versus 489 in the placebo group. This translates to a 28% lower risk of events like heart attacks or strokes for those taking icosapent ethyl. Furthermore, we observed that the absolute benefits were greatest for patients with higher baseline cardiovascular risk.
Overall, regardless of their initial risk levels, using icosapent ethyl showed an impressive potential to decrease the risk of major cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks. This study underscores the value of incorporating eicosapentaenoic acid into treatment plans for patients at risk of heart disease.
4
Cod liver oil shows limited efficacy
Role of Cod Liver Oil in Preventing Myocardial Infarction.
We conducted a two-arm, open-label, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of cod liver oil in preventing heart attacks among patients at risk for cardiovascular events. Over a span of three years, we enrolled 870 participants who provided informed consent to be part of this important research.
The study group received a daily supplement of 415 mg of cod liver oil alongside their standard treatment, while a control group received no additional treatment. We followed both groups for 12 months, monitoring them closely for any developments of myocardial infarction (MI).
Our findings showed that those who took cod liver oil experienced slightly fewer instances of heart attacks; however, this difference wasn’t statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.09. This means we didn't find compelling evidence that cod liver oil effectively reduces the risk of heart attacks, both fatal and non-fatal.
Given these results, it's clear that while we explored the potential benefits of cod liver oil, more extensive studies are necessary to confirm its true role in heart health and preventing cardiovascular events.
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
References
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Nilsen DWT, Myhre PL, Kalstad A, Schmidt EB, Arnesen H, et al. Serum Levels of Dihomo-Gamma (γ)-Linolenic Acid (DGLA) Are Inversely Associated with Linoleic Acid and Total Death in Elderly Patients with a Recent Myocardial Infarction. Nutrients. 2021;13. doi:10.3390/nu13103475
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Skúladóttir GV, Gudmundsdóttir E, Olafsdóttir E, Gudmundsson TV, Hardarson T, et al. Influence of dietary cod liver oil on fatty acid composition of plasma lipids in human male subjects after myocardial infarction. J Intern Med. 1990;228:563.
Kahl PE, Schimke E, Hildebrandt R, Beitz J, Schimke I, et al. The influence of cod-liver oil diet on various lipid metabolism parameters, the thromboxane formation capacity, platelet function and the serum MDA level in patients suffering from myocardial infarction. Cor Vasa. 1987;29:199.
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Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Yamada R, Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi T, Horikoshi T, et al. Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003
Puccini SJ, Healy CL, Harsch BA, Ahmed AR, Shearer GC, et al. A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury. bioRxiv. 2025. doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625260
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. doi:10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1529. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.016
Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, et al. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2024. doi:10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z
Bernhard B, Heydari B, Abdullah S, Francis SA, Lumish H, et al. Effect of six month's treatment with omega-3 acid ethyl esters on long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL randomized clinical trial. Int J Cardiol. 2024;399:131698. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131698
Le VT, Knight S, Watrous JD, Najhawan M, Dao K, et al. Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1229130. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1229130
Myhre PL, Berge T, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and risk of atrial fibrillation and 'micro-atrial fibrillation': A secondary analysis from the OMEMI trial. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1657. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.002
Borghi C, Bragagni A. Clinical results and mechanism of action of icosapent ethyl. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023;25:B37. doi:10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad088
Chiusolo S, Bork CS, Gentile F, Lundbye-Christensen S, Harris WS, et al. Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2023;262:38. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2023.03.019
Rabbat MG, Lakshmanan S, Benjamin MM, Doros G, Kinninger A, et al. Benefit of icosapent ethyl on coronary physiology assessed by computed tomography angiography fractional flow reserve: EVAPORATE-FFRCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24:866. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jead063
Kobara M, Shiraishi T, Noda K, Toba H, Nakata T. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Preserves Mitochondrial Quality and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2023;16:816. doi:10.1007/s12265-023-10363-z
Luo X, Liu M, Wang S, Chen Y, Bao X, et al. Combining metabolomics and OCT to reveal plasma metabolic profiling and biomarkers of plaque erosion and plaque rupture in STEMI patients. Int J Cardiol. 2023;390:131223. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131223
Bork CS, Lundbye-Christensen S, Venø SK, Lasota AN, Tjønneland A, et al. Intake of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62:1389. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03081-w
Park GH, Cho JH, Lee D, Kim Y. Association between Seafood Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in South Korean Adults: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2022;14. doi:10.3390/nu14224864
Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119:1297. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac172
Alfaddagh A, Kapoor K, Dardari ZA, Bhatt DL, Budoff MJ, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events: Implications for primary prevention. Atherosclerosis. 2022;353:11. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1018
Sunagawa Y, Katayama A, Funamoto M, Shimizu K, Shimizu S, et al. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, ameliorate myocardial infarction-induced heart failure by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;106:109031. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109031
Halade GV, Kain V, De La Rosa X, Lindsey ML. Metabolic transformation of fat in obesity determines the inflammation resolving capacity of splenocardiac and cardiorenal networks in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022;322:H953. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00684.2021
Wang CP, Lee CC, Wu DY, Chen SY, Lee TM. Differential effects of EPA and DHA on PPARγ-mediated sympathetic innervation in infarcted rat hearts by GPR120-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem. 2022;103:108950. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108950
Myhre PL, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, Schmidt EB, et al. Changes in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and risk of cardiovascular events and atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the OMEMI trial. J Intern Med. 2022;291:637. doi:10.1111/joim.13442
Pertiwi K, Küpers LK, de Goede J, Zock PL, Kromhout D, et al. Dietary and Circulating Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality Risk After Myocardial Infarction: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the Alpha Omega Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e022617. doi:10.1161/JAHA.121.022617